Analisis Karakteristik Kekasaran Permukaan dan Kekerasan Pelat SS304 pada Variasi Daya dan Kecepatan Pemotongan Fiber Laser

Ahmad Jalaluddin Mahtum; Hisyam  Ma’mun; Muhammad Faesal Febriandyono; Yuris Setyoadi

Authors

Ahmad Jalaluddin Mahtum Universitas PGRI Semarang
Hisyam Ma’mun Universitas PGRI Semarang
Muhammad Faesal Febriandyono Universitas PGRI Semarang
Yuris Setyoadi Universitas PGRI Semarang

Keywords:

Daya Laser, Kekasaran Permukaan, Kekerasan Vickers, Kecepatan Potong, Optimasi Proses, Stainless Steel 304

Abstract

Industri manufaktur membutuhkan proses pemotongan logam yang presisi, efisien, serta mampu mempertahankan kualitas permukaan dan sifat mekanik material. Pada proses laser cutting, ketidaktepatan daya laser dan kecepatan potong dapat meningkatkan kekasaran serta mengubah kekerasan Stainless Steel 304 akibat siklus termal pemotongan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis karakteristik perubahan nilai kekasaran permukaan serta kekerasan baja tahan karat SS304 akibat variasi daya laser dan kecepatan pemotongan. Penelitian menggunakan metode eksperimen faktorial 3 × 3 pada pelat SS304 setebal 2 mm dengan daya laser 1175, 1200, dan 1350 W serta kecepatan potong 1950, 2300, dan 2600 mm/min. Kekasaran diuji berdasarkan nilai Ra dan Rt, sedangkan kekerasan diuji menggunakan metode Vickers. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan nilai Ra sebesar 0,187–0,513 µm dan kekerasan sebesar 169,27–184,83 HV. Permukaan terbaik diperoleh pada daya 1175 W dan kecepatan 2300 mm/min, sedangkan kekerasan tertinggi diperoleh pada daya 1175 W dan kecepatan 2600 mm/min. Hasil penelitian diharapkan memberikan data eksperimental mengenai karakteristik material pada kondisi pemotongan yang diuji.

References

J. Butt, “A strategic roadmap for the manufacturing industry to implement industry 4.0,” Designs, vol. 4, no. 2, pp. 1–31, 2020, doi: 10.3390/designs4020011.

Ł. Bohdal and D. Schmidtke, “Effect of fiber and CO2 lasers parameters on the cut surface quality of RVS 1.4301 stainless steel,” J. Mech. Eng. Sci., vol. 16, no. 2, pp. 8862–8872, 2022, doi: 10.15282/jmes.16.2.2022.05.0701.

A. Mahrle, M. Borkmann, and P. Pfohl, “Factorial analysis of fiber laser fusion cutting of aisi 304 stainless steel: Evaluation of effects on process performance, Kerf Geometry and cut edge roughness,” Materials (Basel)., vol. 14, no. 10, 2021, doi: 10.3390/ma14102669.

Mohammad Rudi Romadhoni and Samsul Hadi, “Effect Variation Cutting Speed and Oxygen Pressure of Fiber Laser Cutting Machine on Surface Roughness of 304 Stainless Steel Material,” J. Tek. Mesin, vol. 3, no. 2, pp. 318–322, 2024, doi: 10.33795/j-meeg.v3i2.5713.

A. S. Ali, T. Abdelmonem, R. Elsoeudy, M. A. Mohsen, and N. Elzayady, “Characterization of AISI 304 stainless steel based on laser cutting process optimization,” Sci. Rep., vol. 15, no. 1, pp. 1–19, 2025, doi: 10.1038/s41598-025-24932-6.

İ. Cebeci, B. Özlü, and H. Demir, “AISI 304 paslanmaz sac malzemenin lazerle işlenmesinde kesme parametrelerinin yüzey pürüzlülüğü, kerf genişliği ve çapak yüksekliğine etkisinin araştırılması Investigation the effect of cutting parameters on surface roughness, kerf width and dross height ,” Bilim. Derg. / NOHU J. Eng. Sci, vol. 11, no. 2, pp. 410–415, 2022, doi: 10.28948/ngmuh.764983.

J. Selech, G. Burzynski, D. Tibebe, D. Ulbrich, and P. Banas, “Influence of Laser Cutting Parameters on the Microhardness, Roughness, and Microstructure of AISI 304, S355J2, and AlMg3 Alloys,” Materials (Basel)., vol. 19, no. 2, pp. 1–14, 2026, doi: 10.3390/ma19020240.

V. Nguyen, F. Altarazi, and T. Tran, “Optimization of Process Parameters for Laser Cutting Process of Stainless Steel 304: A Comparative Analysis and Estimation with Taguchi Method and Response Surface Methodology,” Math. Probl. Eng., vol. 2022, 2022, doi: 10.1155/2022/6677586.

E. Nas and S. Uzuner, “JOURNAL OF ENGINEERING SCIENCES Optimization of laser cutting parameters for improved,” vol. 9, no. 3, pp. 654–662, 2023.

A. K. Basak, K. Lightbody, and A. Pramanik, “The effect of material intrinsic properties on the quality of machined surface during laser beam cutting,” Mater. Chem. Phys., vol. 336, no. February, p. 130546, 2025, doi: 10.1016/j.matchemphys.2025.130546.

B. Chandrasekaran, R. Kaliyamoorthy, A. Murugavel, G. Vinayagam, E. NoorMohammed, and S. H. Karimullah, “Fiber Laser Cutting of AISI 431 Martensitic Stainless Steel: An Experimental Investigation †,” Eng. Proc., vol. 61, no. 1, pp. 2–6, 2024, doi: 10.3390/engproc2024061038.

“Cnc Fiber Laser Cutting.” [Online]. Available: https://www.istockphoto.com/id/foto-foto/laser-cutting-metal

“Surface Roughness Tester Mitutoyo.” [Online]. Available: https://mohawktheater.com/mitutoyo-profilometer-calibration-standard/

“Vickers Hardness Tester.” [Online]. Available: https://www.ndpac.com/product/digital-vickers-hardness-tester-of-precision-turret/