Analisis Spasial Epidemiologi dan EntomologiLingkungan terhadap Pola Penyebaran Malaria di Wilayah FokusEliminasi Kabupaten Supiori

REGINA RUMBIAK; Hasmi Hasmi; Agus Zainuri; Dolfinus Yufu Bouway; Arius Togodly; Muhammad Akbar Nurdin

Authors

REGINA RUMBIAK Unversitas Cenderawasih Jayapura
Hasmi Hasmi Unversitas Cenderawasih Jayapura
Agus Zainuri Unversitas Cenderawasih Jayapura
Dolfinus Yufu Bouway Unversitas Cenderawasih Jayapura
Arius Togodly Unversitas Cenderawasih Jayapura
Muhammad Akbar Nurdin Unversitas Cenderawasih Jayapura

Keywords:

Anopheles, Eliminasi Malaria, Kabupaten Supiori, Plasmodium Vivax, Wilayah Fokus

Abstract

Malaria masih menjadi masalah kesehatan masyarakat di wilayah endemis Papua, termasuk Kabupaten Supiori sebagai wilayah eliminasi berbasis fokus. Penelitian ini bertujuan menggambarkan pola penyebaran malaria berdasarkan distribusi kasus, jenis Plasmodium, tren kasus, habitat perkembangbiakan, dan kepadatan vektor. Penelitian menggunakan desain deskriptif observasional dengan pendekatan epidemiologi-entomologi lingkungan. Data sekunder diperoleh dari laporan e-SISMAL tahun 2025, sedangkan data primer dikumpulkan melalui observasi habitat jentik dan penangkapan nyamuk di Syurdori dan Waryesi pada April–Mei 2026. Data dianalisis secara deskriptif menggunakan frekuensi, persentase, grafik tren, indeks habitat jentik, dan kepadatan relatif vektor. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan 663 kasus malaria tahun 2025, lebih banyak pada laki-laki sebanyak 426 kasus (64,25%). Spesies Plasmodium didominasi Plasmodium vivax sebanyak 515 kasus, sedangkan Plasmodium falciparum sebanyak 148 kasus. Kasus tertinggi terdapat di Kepulauan Aruri sebanyak 254 kasus (38,31%) dan Supiori Timur sebanyak 243 kasus (36,65%). Pada Distrik Supiori Timur, kasus tertinggi ditemukan di Syurdori sebanyak 59 kasus dan Waryesi sebanyak 57 kasus. Tren Januari–Mei 2026 menunjukkan variasi kasus bulanan. Observasi lapangan menemukan habitat lagun, genangan, kali, sungai, dan mata air, dengan indeks habitat jentik 75 di Waryesi dan 60 di Syurdori. Identifikasi vektor menemukan 130 ekor Anopheles, didominasi Anopheles farauti sebanyak 88 ekor (67,69%), outdoor. Penelitian ini menyimpulkan penyebaran malaria tidak merata dan terkonsentrasi pada wilayah dengan kasus tinggi, habitat jentik aktif, serta dominasi vektor outdoor. Temuan ini berkontribusi sebagai dasar pemetaan wilayah fokus, penguatan surveilans, dan prioritas intervensi eliminasi malaria berbasis lingkungan

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