Panel Komposit Berbasis Limbah Bulu Ayam sebagai Material Insulasi Termal dan Akustik Pada Bangunan

Ansarullah Ansarullah

Authors

Ansarullah Ansarullah Universitas Muslim Indonesia

Keywords:

Komposit bulu ayam, Konduktivitas termal, Insulasi akustik, Material bangunan berkelanjutan, Panel komposit PVAc

Abstract

Penelitian ini dilatarbelakangi oleh meningkatnya limbah bulu ayam dari industri peternakan unggas yang belum dimanfaatkan secara optimal serta kebutuhan material bangunan ramah lingkungan dengan kemampuan insulasi yang baik. Penelitian bertujuan menganalisis karakteristik fisik. mekanis, dan termal panel komposit berbasis limbah bulu ayam menggunakan perekat Polyvinyl Acetate (PVAc) sebagai material alternatif untuk aplikasi arsitektur. Metode penelitian menggunakan eksperimen laboratorium melalui tahapan pencucian, sterilisasi, pengeringan, pencacahan serat, pencampuran material, proses compression moulding, dan pengujian karakteristik material. Variasi komposisi panel terdiri atas 80:20, 70:30, dan 60:40 antara bulu ayam dan PVAc. Pengujian meliputi densitas, daya serap air, kuat tekan, kuat lentur, dan konduktivitas termal. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa panel memiliki densitas rendah sebesar 0,31–0,38 g/cm³ dan konduktivitas termal sebesar 0,035–0,042 W/mK yang menunjukkan kemampuan insulasi panas yang baik. Peningkatan kadar PVAc meningkatkan kuat tekan dari 0,42 MPa menjadi 0,74 MPa serta meningkatkan kuat lentur dari 0,89 MPa menjadi 1,48 MPa. Struktur mikro serat bulu ayam yang berongga berkontribusi terhadap peningkatan kemampuan insulasi termal dan akustik material. Penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa panel berbasis limbah bulu ayam berpotensi dikembangkan sebagai material bangunan ringan, ramah lingkungan, dan berkelanjutan untuk aplikasi panel insulasi dan akustik bangunan.

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